Strategic Lessons and Policy Counter-models (Bill 5 and Beyond)

Legislative Durability and Policy Fragility Index

Provinces vary widely in the durability of their climate/environmental laws. The index below scores provinces (0-10) on statutory permanence, fiscal linkage, oversight, and amendment threshold.
Higher = more robust to political change.
Data: CCLI, Environmental Defence, provincial statutes, 2025

Procedural Safeguards: Consultation and Review

Bill 5’s compressed timeline and omnibus format contrast with best-practice models. The chart compares public comment periods and review frequency for major climate/environment laws. Data: Environmental Bill of Rights, BC CCAA, NS EGCCRA, CCLI, 2025

Entrenchment Mechanisms in Law

The chart shows the use of supermajority requirements, fiscal linkage, and sunset review in major provincial climate frameworks. Data: BC CCAA, QC Climate Act, NS EGCCRA, CCLI, 2025

Independent Oversight and Fiduciary Duty

The chart shows the legal authority of auditors general, ombudsmen, and planning commissions to review climate spending and policy rollbacks. Data: Provincial auditor statutes, CCLI, 2025

International Benchmarks: Policy Resilience Score

How do Canadian provinces compare to international models? The chart shows a composite resilience score (0-10) for select provinces, New Zealand, and the EU. Data: OECD, Climate Law Initiative, NZ Climate Commission, EU Climate Law, 2025

Data: CCLI, Environmental Defence, provincial statutes, BC CCAA, QC Climate Act, NS EGCCRA, OECD, NZ Climate Commission, EU Climate Law, 2025.

Strategic Lessons and Policy Counter-models