Spatial Life Cycle Costing (SLCC): Model Structure

ComponentData/Method2025 Value/ExampleNotes
Capacity factor (solar)Site-specific, dynamic (SCADA, weather)0.13-0.26 (US, India)Real-time updates, NREL, Weibull++[3][5]
O&M share of LCCReliability, MTBF, Weibull++~74% of total LCCDriven by cleaning, inspection[3]
Land transformationAg rental/opportunity cost$120-$1,200/acre/yr (US/EU)Spatially explicit, scenario-based[5][7]
Biodiversity lossHabitat indices, credits$5,000-$40,000/projectMarket-based, regulatory[4]
Soil carbon fluxField/remote, social cost of carbon$51-$190/tCO₂eScenario-based, policy-linked[5][6]
Scenario modelingPolicy, carbon, biodiversity creditsDynamic, multi-scenarioStress-tested for future policy[5][6]
Integrated outputSpatial cost surface/curveProject, region, or tech-specificDirect + externality costs[4][5]

Decision-Support Tools and Optimization Models

Tool/ModelKey Features2025 Example/StatusNotes
GIS-LCA (ScienceDirect 2025)GIS, BIM, LCA integrationUrban-scale net zero sitingSpatialized carbon, land, biodiversity[4]
Weibull++ (ReliaSoft)Reliability, MTBF, LCCFailure rates, O&M for PVOptimizes inspection, replacement[3]
NREL SAMTechno-economic, spatial, scenarioSolar/wind, US-wide, real-timeCapacity, cost, grid, policy[5]
AI siting (NREL, OnXMaps)Yield, risk, acceptance predictionUS/EU pilots, 2024-2025Trained on project/permitting data[5]
Pareto/Genetic AlgorithmsMulti-objective, ensembleEnergy, biodiversity, equityTrade-off, scenario analysis[4][5]
Interactive dashboardsReal-time, map-based, multi-stakeholderCloud-hosted, regulatory exportTransparency, traceability[4][5]

Recent Advances and Quantitative Benchmarks

Advance/Model2025 Value/StatusNotes
High-res remote sensingSentinel-2, Landsat 9, ML≤10m land cover, carbon mapping[4][6]
O&M cost share (PV LCC)~74%Dominant cost driver[3]
Payback period (solar, India)<8 yearsHigh economic viability[3]
Scenario-based LCC (NREL SAM)Dynamic, user-definedGrid, carbon, land, policy[5]
AI-based acceptance prediction80-90% accuracyTrained on >500 projects[5]
Interactive scenario dashboardsIndustry standardStakeholder engagement, audit[4][5]
Data: NREL, DOE, ScienceDirect, ReliaSoft, peer-reviewed literature (2023-2025).

Integrated Quantitative Assessment Methods