Supply Chains Under Sustainability Pressures
- International Energy Agency. (2025). Global critical minerals outlook 2025: Supply risks and transition dependencies. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2025
- International Energy Agency. (2023). The role of critical minerals in clean energy transitions. https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions
- U.S. Department of Energy. (2024). National blueprint for lithium batteries 2021–2030: Securing a domestic supply chain. https://www.energy.gov
- World Bank Group. (2023). Minerals for climate action: The mineral intensity of the clean energy transition. https://www.worldbank.org
- Verra. (2025). Climate, Community & Biodiversity Standards (CCBS). https://verra.org
- Natural Resources Canada. (2025). Critical minerals strategy: Building sustainable value chains. https://www.nrcan.gc.ca
- U.S. Geological Survey. (2025). Mineral commodity summaries 2025: Lithium, cobalt, graphite, and rare earths. https://www.usgs.gov
- Amnesty International. (2023). Powering change or business as usual? Human rights and the energy transition. https://www.amnesty.org
- Environmental Justice Foundation. (2024). Green conflict minerals: The human rights and environmental impact of the renewable transition. https://ejfoundation.org
- OECD. (2024). Due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. https://www.oecd.org
Sovereignty and Strategic Resource Control
- International Energy Agency. (2025). Critical minerals market review 2025: Strategic trends and national responses. https://www.iea.org
- U.S. Department of Energy. (2024). Critical materials strategy: Strengthening supply chain security for energy transition. https://www.energy.gov
- European Commission. (2023). Critical Raw Materials Act: Securing Europe's green and digital future. https://ec.europa.eu
- U.S. Department of the Treasury. (2023). Inflation Reduction Act guidance on clean vehicle tax credits and material sourcing rules. https://home.treasury.gov
- Government of Chile. (2023). National lithium strategy: Public-private partnership model for sustainable extraction. https://www.gob.cl
- Government of Indonesia. (2023). Nickel downstreaming policy and export ban implementation report. https://www.esdm.go.id
- Ministry of Energy and Mines, Bolivia. (2024). Strategic state control over lithium resources and industrialization plans. https://www.mem.gob.bo
- U.S. Geological Survey. (2025). Mineral commodity summaries 2025: Supply security and criticality assessments. https://www.usgs.gov
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2024). Global supply chain resilience and critical raw material policies. https://www.oecd.org
- Center for Strategic and International Studies. (2024). Resource nationalism and geopolitical competition in the energy transition. https://www.csis.org
Sustainability as Strategic Competition
- European Commission. (2023). Green Deal Industrial Plan: Strengthening the EU’s net-zero industry base. https://ec.europa.eu
- U.S. Department of the Treasury. (2024). Inflation Reduction Act implementation: Clean energy incentives and industrial strategy. https://home.treasury.gov
- World Trade Organization. (2024). Trade and environmental sustainability: Carbon border adjustment mechanisms and global trade equity. https://www.wto.org
- International Energy Agency. (2024). The role of CBAMs in decarbonizing global supply chains. https://www.iea.org
- G7 Climate, Energy and Environment Ministers. (2024). Communiqué on sustainable trade and carbon pricing coordination. https://www.g7.org
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2024). ESG standards and developing country participation in global supply chains. https://unctad.org
- Financial Stability Board. (2024). Global trends in ESG disclosure and financial regulation. https://www.fsb.org
- International Monetary Fund. (2024). Climate policy, competitiveness, and global inequality: The rise of green protectionism. https://www.imf.org
- International Institute for Sustainable Development. (2024). Strategic environmental diplomacy and the geopolitics of sustainability. https://www.iisd.org
- Brookings Institution. (2024). Green industrial policy and global power competition in the age of decarbonization. https://www.brookings.edu
Fractures in the Strategic Triangle
- International Energy Agency. (2024). The role of critical minerals in clean energy transitions: Balancing security and sustainability. https://www.iea.org
- International Renewable Energy Agency. (2024). Geopolitics of the energy transformation: Critical materials and supply chain risks. https://www.irena.org
- European Commission. (2023). Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) regulation overview. https://ec.europa.eu
- Natural Resources Defense Council. (2024). Lithium extraction and water rights in South America’s Lithium Triangle. https://www.nrdc.org
- United Nations Environment Programme. (2024). Sustainability and resource governance in the global energy transition. https://www.unep.org
- Human Rights Watch. (2024). Indigenous rights and environmental justice in mineral extraction zones. https://www.hrw.org
- Brookings Institution. (2024). Strategic contradictions in global decarbonization: Supply chains, sovereignty, and sustainability. https://www.brookings.edu
- Center for Strategic and International Studies. (2024). Global supply chain fragmentation and national security. https://www.csis.org
- World Bank Group. (2024). Minerals for climate action: Managing social and environmental risks. https://www.worldbank.org
- Transparency International. (2024). Greenwashing and the erosion of ESG credibility. https://www.transparency.org
Building Resilient, Ethical Systems
- Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2024). Completing the circle: Scaling the circular economy for critical minerals. https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org
- OECD. (2024). Due diligence guidance for responsible mineral supply chains. https://www.oecd.org/corporate/mne/mining.htm
- World Resources Institute. (2024). Redesigning resilience: Environmental and social dimensions of supply chain durability. https://www.wri.org
- International Labour Organization. (2024). Integrating local communities and Indigenous peoples into mineral governance frameworks. https://www.ilo.org
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2024). Distributed supply chains and sustainable development. https://unctad.org
- Environmental Defense Fund. (2024). Barriers to critical mineral recycling and reuse: Policy and technological gaps. https://www.edf.org
- Global Witness. (2024). Tracing the truth: Supply chain transparency and ethical sourcing verification. https://www.globalwitness.org
- International Energy Agency. (2024). Recycling critical materials for clean energy: Technologies, costs, and constraints. https://www.iea.org
- Transparency International. (2024). Corporate accountability and regulatory arbitrage in mineral supply chains. https://www.transparency.org
- Stockholm Environment Institute. (2024). Infrastructure resilience in a changing climate: Policy tools and investment priorities. https://www.sei.org